Q.7. What are the basic requisites of Speech making? Point out the methods of making the speech interesting. Illustrate. (2012 - 13)
Ans. Asha Kaul prescribed the seven steps for good speach making.
(i) Decide the objectives or the main point which a presenter wants to achieve.
(ii) Decide whether the manner of presentation will be formal or informal.
(iii) Decide the mode of presentation in order to rouse the interest of the audience.
(iv) Next, arduous efforts should be made for preparing the script.
(v) Proper preparation is to be made for visual aids, hand-outs and feedback forms.
(vi) For an impressive delivery, proper rehearsal should be made.
(vii) At last the presentation should be made in clear language, following closely the six-tier process of presentation which includes ice-breaking, introducing the idea, discussing new idea, reaching to the main area of discussion, reaching to establish the importance or significance of idea and at last coming to summarization or conclusion.
Q.8 Write a short note on kinesis or Body language.
Ans. Kinesics is the name given to the study of the body’s physical movements. In other words, it is the way, the body communicates without words, i.e., through various movements of parts.
While speaking, listening, reading or writing, we consciously use words to receive or send ideas. We use words because they are the primary symbolic forms that convey our thoughts. On paper, words remain static; punctuation marks are used to convey pauses, expressions, emotions etc. But in face to face communication the message is conveyed on two levels simultaneously. One is verbal and the other is non-verbal.
They are two important modes of communication. Whenever we communicate through non-verbal means of communication, kinesics i.e. the body movements or body language plays a vital role. For self-control, the speaker should pay attention to some of the following things :
(i) Maintain eye-contact
(ii) Expressions of Face and Eyes
(iii) Gestures
(iv) Posture
(v) Appearance etc.
Q.9 Write short notes on:
(a) Proxemics or space language (b) Chronemics or time dimension. (09-10)
Ans. (a) Proxemics or Space Language: -
It is the study of physical space in interpersonal relations. Space is related to behavioural norms. Edward T. Hall in his The Hidden Dimension divides space into four distinct zones –
(i) Intimate: -
This zones starts with personal touch and extends just to 18 inches (one and half feet). Members of the family, lovers, spouses, relatives come under this zone.
(ii) Personal: -
This zones streches from 18 inches (one and a half feet) to 14 feet. Close friends, colleagues, peers, etc. fall in this tier.
(iii) Social: -
Social events takes place in this radius of 4 feet to 12 feet. In this layer, relationships are more official. People are more contious in their movements.
(iv) Public: -
This zone starts from 12 feet and may extend to 30 feet or to the range eyesight and hearing. Events that take place in this zone are formal. The degree of detachment is very high.
(b) Chronemics or Time Dimension: -
The most important thing at a work place is the management of time. During the theme presentation, if the speaker takes a lot of time, then his speech becomes boring and tedious. Soon the listeners loose interest. As a speaker, a person should try to sum up his presentation within the allowed time duration. He should know about the limit of time allowed beforehand and then rehearse well so that he will be able to conclude within the time allowed. He should plan well and try to avoid delivering superfluous material. While making the presentation, the presenter should keep in mind that it is he who will break the ice, make himself acceptable to his audience. He, by keeping himself within the limits to time allowed, can achieve his goal.
As a speaker, your awarencess of schedules is a chronemic element. Good timing is crucial, and you should rehearse a formal presentation until it is a little under time, because staying within time limits is a mark of courtesy and professionalism. If, at the beginning of your presentation, you assure the listeners that you will be giving them time at the end of your presentation and then keep talking till the time allocated, without allowing scope for the audience to respond, you will undoubtedly annoy the audience.
Q.10 What are the paralinguistic features of presentation strategies? How could articulation be improved by voice-modulation? (2008-09)
Related Questions -
Q. What are paratinguistic features of voice dynamics? (2011 - 12)
Q. What are paralinguistic features of voice dynamics? Differentiate between Intonation and Modulation of speech. Describe precisely. (2012 - 13)
Ans. Paralinguistic Features of Presentation Strategies: -
Paralinguistic features are non-verbal vocal cues that help you to give urgency to your voice. Your voice is your trademark, it is that part of yourself that adds human touch to your words. Writing does not have that immediacy because the words are static on a page voice gives extra life to your delivery. Therefore you may find it useful to understand the features.
Quality: -
Quality is a characteristic that distinguishes one voice from another each one of us has a unique voice and its quality depend upon its resonating mechanism. While the quality of one’s voice cannot be changed, it can be trained for optimum impact.
Volume: -
Volume is the loudness and the softness of the voice. Your voice should always project but need not always load, it the place you are speaking in is large and open, the volume should be high and it place is small and enclosed the volume should be low, it means it should be according to the condition, place, and demand.
Pace/Rate: -
Rate is the number of words which you speak perminute, it varies from person to person and from 80 to 250 words perminute, and the normal rate is from 120 to 150 words perminute.
Pitch: -
Pitch refers to the number of variation per second in the voice. The rise and the fall of the voice conveys emotion.
Articulation: -
Speaker should be careful not to slop, slur, chop, truneate, or omit sounds between sentences, if all the sounds are not uttered properly, the flow of understanding gets interrupted and deters the listener from grasping the meaning of the message.
Articulation Improved by Voice Modulation: -
While intonation refers to the tonal variations, modulation pertain to the way we regulate, vary, or adjust the tone, pitch and volume of the sound or speaking voice modulation of voice bring flexibility and vitality to your voice, and you can express emotions, sentients like impatience, careful planning, despondency, suspicion, etc you can effectively bring in modulation in your voice. If you are a novice in professional presentation, it is better to initially underline the words that you may like to stress during your presentation. This will help you to avoid sounding full and monotonous.
Q.11 How body language plays a vital role in contributing to the message in the form of gesture facial expressions, eye contact and posture ?
Related Questions -
Q. What is the importance of kinesics (Body language) in an oral presentation? (2009-10)
Q. Explain features of kinesics in non verbal communication. (2009-10, 11 - 12)
Q. Discuss the role of kinesics in presentations and interviews. (2010 - 11)
Q. What is the role of body language in presentation strategies? Describe its various factors briefly. (2013 - 14)
Q. Describe the different features of body language. Specify the role of kinesics in verbal communication. (2013 - 14)
Ans. Body language is the medium through which body communicates without words, i.e. through various movements of its parts. No doubt, we express our emotions through words but often the inner states of emotion is expressed through different parts of body and their physical movement. For self control, perfection and best performance we should pay attention to our body language.
Following are the types of body language helps in communication –
(i) Personal Appearance: -
Appearance communicate how we feel about ourselves and how we want to be viewed. Appearance include clothes, hair jewellery, cosmetics and so on. Plan appearance helps to communicates effectively to others.
(ii) Posture: -
Posture generally refers to the way we hold ourselves when we stand, sit or walk. The way person sit, stand or walk reveals a lot about him. e.g. –
* Slumped posture – low spirits
* Erect posture – high spirits, energy and confidence
* Lean forward – open, honest and interests
* Crossed arms – defensive and not ready to listen
* Uncrossed arms – willingness to listen
(iii) Gesture: -
It is the movement made by hands arms, shoulders, head and torso. Gestures clarity the ideas and reinforce them and should be well suited to the audience and occasion. Gesture should be quite natural and spontaneous.
(iv) Facial Expression: -
Along with posture and gesture facial expressions also play an important parts. The face is the most expressive part of our body. It sends a series of messages – our facial expressions may show anxiety, recognition, hesitation, and pleasure in quick succession. There are five basic expression are –
(i) Inhibited – restricted and solid
(ii) Uninhibited – spontaneous ad impetuous
(iii) Substitute – happy with a long face
(iv) Frozen – no change in expression
(v) Blank – no expression at all
(v) Eye Contact: -
The eyes are considered to be the windows of the soul. Eye contact is a direct and powerful form of non-verbal communication. Eye contact and eye movement helps the speaker tremendously in the filtering process or in getting the desired response or feedback.