Q.21 Give the difference between a report and a proposal.
Ans. Report writing and writing proposals have assumed a tremendous importance in the modern democratic set up and also in complex business organizations. A report as well as a written proposal imparts information and they both form an essential part of the business correspondence. But there is a basic difference between a report and a proposal. A written proposal is written before the proposed work while a report is prepared after the proposed work is completed. Therefore, a report may have some parts different from the proposal. For example, a report will not have any recommendations while in a proposal, the proposer makes certain recommendations.
Q.22 Write a technical proposal to the head of your organization for building a gymnasium hall in the premises. Invent necessary details along with cost estimate. (2008-09)
Ans. Below is a technical proposal for building a gymnasium hall in an organization.
Introduction
Date : January 21, 2008
To : Mr. M.R. Mongia, Head S.K. International college
From : K.K. Ahluwalia, sports Incharge
Subject : Proposal for building a gymnasium hall
Purpose : This is a proposal for building a gymnasium hall in the premises of S.K. International College.
Summary : The year which the students spend in their schools are the formative years of their growth and development. All work and no play often makes the students lethargic and passive. The present proposal is for building a gymnasium in the school so that the students will be able to have healthy bodies.
Cost Estimate
Raw Material : 2,00,000
Equipment : 5,00,000
Contingency : 50,000
Total : Rs. 7,50,000
Q.23. What are different divisions of technical proposal? Draft a technical proposal for establishing computer center in your organization. Invent necessary details. (2013 - 14)
Ans. A technical proposal has four different divisions -
(i) Front matter
(ii) The technical section
(iii) The managerial section
(iv) The financial section
A technical proposal for establishing computer center.
Introduction -
Date: January 23, 2012
To : Mr. S. A. Khan, Head M. P. International College
From : R. N. Sharma, Director (Comp. Sc. Department)
Subject - Proposal for establishing a computer center.
Purpose - This is a proposal for establishing a computer center with latest technologies computers in the premises of M. P. International College.
Summary - Our college is big college of the city. It has very big Comp. Sc. Department. There are different courses related to the computer but it has very short computer lab.
It is great need to establish a computer centre. The present proposal is for establishing a computer centre in the college so that the students will be able to get good and more knowledge.
Cost estimate:
Raw material : 5,00,000
Equipment : 9,00,000
Contingency: 50,000 .
Total : Rs. 14,50,000
Q.24. Discuss the qualities of a good negotiator. Describe its importance for business administration. (2013 - 14)
Ans. The qualities of a good negotiator: -
1. Negotiator choose a pleasant atmosphere for negotiation.
2. Negotiators of both the parties should be free from prejudice.
3. They should discussed issues openly and frankly.
4. They should be clear about their goals which they want to achieve through Negotiation.
5. Negotiator should be able to persuade the other party with his arguments.
6. Both negotiators should have patience and the ability to listen to each other coolly and calmly.
7. Both negotiators should watch each other’s interest.
8. They should adopt the compromising approach and try to each a consensus on sensitive and worth while issues.
In business, people often have disagreements, arguments and clashes of point of view and goal. All this eventually leads to conflict. This conflict can be resolved if two parties discuss the conflicting issues and reach to an amicable and most acceptable resolution. This sort of discussion which is mandatory in the business world is called negotiation.
Negotiators dissolve all conflicting issues after healthy negotiation and try to feel both parties that it is a gainer and not a loser.
Q.25 What is technical paper, their purposes ?
Ans. A technical paper/article is a form of written technical communication. Today is an age of science and technology. There is revolution in the field of writing also. Technical writing is in vogue. The technical paper is not undertaken just for pleasure or entertainment. Instead, it is intended to communicate to a specific audience a specific purpose.
Purposes of Technical Article: -
Writing technical articles is the need of the hour. These technical articles help in furthering the industrial growth. Mainly they help in
· Transferring technical knowledge
· Preserving it for future growth and
· Disseminating technical knowledge of a specific field.
Q.26 Discuss in brief the difference between technical paper/article and scientific article.
Related Questions -
Q. Write the characteristics of technical paper and scientific article.
Ans. The scientific writings are often compared and contrasted with the technical writings. Some major differences between the scientific writings and a technical article are mentioned below :
(i) A technical paper/article is more concerned with the practical aspect of a problem whereas the scientific article treats the subject theoretically.
(ii) A scientific article simply relates to the conclusions derived after conducting experiments in laboratory or working in a library or going through several books.
(iii) The purpose of a technical article is different from scientific article. It aims at three things-to inform, to instruct and to persuade, The scientific article, on the other hand, simply concentrates on imparting information related to a particular field.
(iv) The language of the scientific article will be different from the technical article. The vocabulary of an article is always in accordance with its subject-matter. For example, an engineer in computer science will use the technical terms related to the application of computer. He will have to use the expressions such as dot.com and www. etc.But a chemist or a physicist, on the other hand, will use the chemical names and terms of physics accordingly.
Q.27 Write the pattern of writing technical paper and scientific article.
Ans. Technical articles as well as scientific articles are formal technical documents hence they follow a definite pattern of writing. Below are listed the chief elements or steps in writing technical article and scientific article :
(1) Title: -
At the outset, a comprehensive title of an article should be given which may indirectly throw light on the content of the article. An inadequate title may lead to confusion and will rouse doubts. Thus a title which is complete in form is able to communicate to the readers the content being discussed in the article.
(2) Name of the Author: -
The author’s complete name must be placed just below the title on the title page. Next to that writer’s address and the name of the institution must be placed.
(3) Abstract: -
The abstract contains the necessary information regarding the content of the article.
(4) Introduction: -
Introduction is the next important element of the article which introduces the topic or the problem which is being considered by the writer. It shows the worth of the problem and also discusses in brief the facts included by a researcher in the course of his study.
(5) Objectives: -
The researcher will bring into light the purposes of the study and also make statement about the type of analysis it is going to make.
(6) Methodology: -
There will be a detailed description of the methodology, so far adopted in the course of study. It will also throw light on the basic design of the article, experiments carried out, selection of the sample of study and the statistical measures adopted by the researcher.
(7) Findings, Inferences and Recommendations: -
The most important part of the article is the statement of findings, inferences drawn and the recommendations made on the basis of the analysis of the results. At this stage, the researcher makes his best efforts to organize his ideas and the accumulated research into a logical, fluent and effective way.
(8) Appendices: -
The technical article and the scientific article may include appendices also including any other information left. Besides, there may be some other information relating to the area of research.
(9) References/Bibliography: -
On a final page of the research report, an alphabetized list of research sources should be mentioned. These sources may include a list of books, articles, periodicals, interviews and on line sources.
(10) Acknowledgements: -
This last section includes the writer’s thanks to the people who have helped him in conducting the present research.