PC Unit 2.6

Q.29 Write the steps to condensation.
Ans. The steps to condensations -
(i) Read the original text carefully (ii) Give the title (iii) Avoid the Jugglery of words
(iv) Frame sentences of own (v) Write in indirect speech   (vi) Confine to the desired word limit.

Q.30 Make a precis of the passages given below :
(i) Frustration is a global cancer. It has spared no country. In some countries, frustration exists because these countries are populated by “have-nots”. In other countries which are populated by “have”, frustration is among them also because they do “have”. As far as India is concerned, its education system is breeding more and more frustration among both students and teachers. And yet not one seems too clear about what can be done to make it more meaningful. Many reforms have been discussed at length but have come to nothing for one reason or another. The authorities are now peddling the idea of autonomous colleges as a means of toning up teaching standards. They argue that by allowing certain colleges to introduce their own courses, hold seminars, and above all, to evolve their own method of assessing students, students will get a far better deal. Indeed, they make out that such colleges will have free hand in nearly everything except granting degrees. In theory, all this sounds attractive enough. But there is little to show that the managements concerned are keen on such reforms. Even today, nothing prevents a college from inviting guest speakers on specialized subjects or holding courses in English for vernacular students. But not a single one of those who are now clamouring for autonomy has bothered to do so. It is no secret that colleges which may be “freed” to an extent from university control are highly elitist. In Mumbai, for example, there is a big cultural gulf between city colleges and suburban colleges. If some of the former are now given a degree of autonomy, it will only heighten this disparity.
Ans. Title : Frustration Among Students
Precis: -
Frustration today has become a common phenomenon and all the “have” as well as the “have-nots” have fallen victims to it. In India, frustration is growing rapidly among students due to the defective education system.
The idea of the autonomous colleges has recently sprung up as one of the necessary solutions of the educational reform. No doubt, in theory this idea is very alluring that the autonomous colleges will have free hands in introducing their own courses, assessing their students in their own way, holding the seminars, inviting the guest lectures and many other things. They believe that this will certainly solve the problem. But in fact this will worsen the situation. Autonomy, the writer concludes, will enhance the cultural disparity between the city colleges and the suburban colleges. Even without autonomy, the colleges can hold seminars, invite the guest speakers and help the students in improving their standards.
(ii) One who reads a few of Shakespeare’s great plays and then the meagre story of This life is generally filled with a vague wonder. Here is an unknown country boy, poor and poorly educated according to the standards of his age, who arrives at the great city of London and goes to work at odd jobs in a theatre. In a year or two he is associated with scholars and dramatists, the masters of their age, writing plays of kings and clowns, of gentlemen and heroes and noble women, all of whose lives he seems to know by intimate association. In a few years he leads all brilliant group of poets and dramatists who have given undying glory to the Age of Elizabeth. Play after play runs from his pen, mighty dramas of human life and character follow one another so rapidly that good work seems impossible; yet they stand the test of time, and their poetry is still unrivalled in any language. For all this great work the author apparently cares little, since he makes no attempt to collect or preserve his writings. A thousand scholars have ever since been busy collecting, identifying, classifying the work which this magnificent workman tossed aside so carelessly when he abandoned the drama and retired to his native village. He has a marvellously imaginative and creative mind; but he invents few, if any, new plots or stories. He simply takes an old play or an old poem, makes it over quickly, and lo! this old familiar material glows with the deepest thoughts and the tenderest feelings that ennoble our humanity; any new generation of men finds it more wonderful than the last. How did he do it ? That is still an unanswered question and the source of our wonder.
Ans. Title : The Dramatic Genius of Shakespeare
Precis: -
Shakespeare, the great dramatist of England, belonged to an ordinary English family. Hence, he could not get higher education. Soon he arrived London in search of bread and butter. Luckily he got a job in a theatre where he was associated with the poets, the dramatists and the scholars of the Elizabethan age. This association later resulted in making Shakespeare a dramatist of universal appeal. He produced dramas after dramas which had stood the test of time. At last, he retired from the world of drama and went back to his native town. Shakespeare is admired for his wonderful imagination and creativity though he did not invent the plots of his plays. The borrowed plots are presented so skilfully that still the reason of Shakespeare’s universal appeal is beyond one’s imagination.

Q.31 How is a paragraph different from an essay ?                                          (2005-06)
Ans. Paragraph: -
    Paragraph is a collection of sentences built around a single idea or theme. It is a distinct unit having two to eight sentences. It has a controlling idea known as the topic or theme. The paragraph is used to develop support or explain the theme. Paragraph has three constituents:
(a) Topic sentence (b) Related sentences (c) Transitional element
Essay: -
Essay is a full composition having several paragraphs. An essay is written about a single theme and every paragraph in an essay develops a particular aspect of the theme. Essay have three main parts:
(a) Introduction (b) Body     (c) Conclusion

Q.32 Correct the following -                                                    (2005-06)
(i) People in developed countries have a higher level of living.
Ans. People in the developed countries have a higher level of living.
(ii) Television has taught me a lot about American life.
Ans. Television has taught me a lot about the American Life.
(iii) Last year I have been to England for a month.
Ans. Last year I was in England for a month.
(iv) The high jackers threatened to explode the plane.
Ans. The high jackers have threatened to explode the plane.
(v) Let us discuss about your career plans.
Ans. Let us discuss  your career plans.
(vi) He will explain you where you shall stay.
Ans. He will explain you where to stay.
(vii) I am extremely convinced that there be no war.
Ans. I am extremely convinced that there will be no war.
Correct the following -
(i) We will refer this question later.
(ii) I will contact you when you will come.
(iii) Every man, woman and child are now aware of the result smoking.
(iv) It has been unbearable hot last two months.
(v) I prefer punishment than insult.
(vi) We knew which car to buy when we went to the dealer to buy it.
(vii) He had a heart attack almost every time he was reviewed by his supervisor.              
Ans.
(i) We will refer to this question later.
(ii) I will contact you after your arrival.
(iii) Every man, woman and child is now aware of the result of smoking.
(iv) It was unbearably hot for the last two months.
(v) I prefer punishment to insult.
(vi) We knew which car when we to buy and went to dealer.
(vii) He has a heart attack almost everytime he was reviewed by his supervisor.
Correct the following -
(i) The working relationship between the two companies have continually improved.
(ii) I saw two visitios were sitting in my chamber.
(iii) Hydrogen peroxie decomposes to easily from hydrogens and water.
(iv) Neither destruction nor creation of mole cules are possible.
(v) He mentioned that he only had forteen players.
(vi) He is anxious not only the acqure knowledge; but also eager to display it.
(vii) A box apples are in the car.        
Ans.
(i) The working relationship between the two companies has continuously improve.
(ii) I saw two visitors sitting in my chamber.
(iii) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes easily into water and hydrogen.
(iv) Neither destruction nor creation of molecules is possible.
(v) He mentioned that he had only fourteen players.
(vi) He is not only anxious to acquire knowledge but also eager to display.
(vii) A box of apples is in the car.
Correct the following sentences -
(i) Sitting on the gate scorpion stung him.
(ii) Please excuse me being late.
(iii) The rise and fall of the tide are due to lunar influence.
(iv) She was taller than either of her five sisters.
(v) He not only lost his ticket but also his luggage.
(v) The computers are used in many offices.     
Ans. (i) On sitting the gate a scorpion stung him.
(ii) Please excuse me for being late.
(iii) The rise and fall of the tide is due to lumar influence.
(iv) She was teller than her five sisters.
(v) He lost not only his ticket but also his luggage.
(vi) Computers are used in many offices.
Correct any five of the following sentences: 
(i) Justice as well as mercy allows human freedom.
(ii) Neither you nor he was to blame.
(iii) Whom did you meet in the fair?
(iv) He enjoys to swim.
(v) I suggest you to apply for the post.
(vi) She is so weak.
(vii) He speaks like his father does.
(viii) I shall not come except you need me.     
Ans. (i) Justice as well as mercy allows human freedom.
(ii) Neither you nor he was to blame.
(iii) Whom did you meet at the fair?
(iv)  He enjoys swimming.
(v) I suggest you to apply the post.
(vi) She is so weak that she cannot work.
(vii) He speaks like his father.
(viii) I can not come except you need me.