Ans. Go through Q.7. page no. 2.
Q.2. Write the classification of Chorella and Batrachospermum. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.17. page no. 3. and Q.8. page no. 2.
Q.3. Write the economic importance of Sphagnum. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.3. page no. 63.
Q.4. Distinguish between elaters and pseudolaters of Bryophytes. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.17. page no. 105.
Q.5. Name the reserve food materials of Phaeophyceae. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.19. page no. 4.
Q.6. What are main characters of Rhodophyceae? (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.1. page no. 1.
Q.7. In which genus elatophores occured? (2015)
Ans. Pellia
Q.8. In which genus autospores are formed? (2015)
Ans. Chlorella.
Q.9. Write the two economic importance of any algae. (2015)
Ans. Chlorella: -
(1) It contains a high percentage of protein, carbohydrates and vitamins. It is used for human consumptions as food.
(2) Another importance of Chlorella is that it yields an antibiotic chlorelline effective against bacteria.
Q.10. In which bryophyte amphigastria occurs? (2015)
Ans. Porella
Q.11. Write short note on Ultrastructure of a Blue-green algae cell.
(2015)
Ans. Go through Q.6(k) page no.31.
Q.12. Write short note on cell division in Oedogonium. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.3(a) page no. 13.
Q.13. Write short note on structure and function of Heterocyst in Nostoc. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.3(b) page no. 13.
Q.14. Describe asexual and sexual reproduction in Hydrodictyon. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.1. page bo. 7.
Q.15. Describe life cycle of ectocarpus. (2015)
Ans. Occurance: -
Ectocarpus is a widely distributed marine algae which usually remains attached to the substratum by means of rhizoids. Some species may be parasitic or may occur on higher members like of order fucales.
Structure: -
The plant body is copiously branched and consists of brown filaments. Which are very slender and give the plants a soft fuzy appearance. It shows heterotrichous habit, i.e., the plant body made up of two parts, a creeping portion that serves as hold fast and a number of branches, which arises from it. The erect filaments are usually made up of a single row of cell. Each cell is uninucleate, small and rectangular and consists of several chromatophores containing brown pigments. Pyrenoids are also present in the chromatophores. Growth of the filament is intercalary. The plant is autotrophic in nutrition.
Reproduction: -
Ectocarpus reproduce both sexually and asexually.
Asexual reproduction - This may take place in following ways;
(A) This takes place by means of biflagellate zoospores produced in unilocular sporangia which are borne by the diploid sexual plant. They originate as simple, globular each densely filled with protoplasm. The nucleus undergoes a single reduction division followed by simple division. Around each daughter nucleus protoplasm collects to form zoospore. Each zoospore is thus a haploid structure bearing two flagella at its lateral side. On liberation the zoospore swim and settles down and grows into haploid plants.
(B) The asexual reproduction may also take place by formation of diploid biflagellate zoospore, produced in Plurilocular or Neutral sporangia. These are formed by terminal cells on the short lateral branches. The contents of these undergo repeated division followed by wall formation. As a result a number of cubical chambers of almost equal are formed. Because there is no reduction division at any stage, so the zoospore form diploid plants. On germination, these zoospore form diploid plants.
Sexual Reproduction: -
This ranges from isogamy to anisogamy. The fusing of motile gametes may be of equal size or they may be
unequal size. They are produced inside the plurilocular sporangia borne on haploid thalli. Such sporangia which are borne on haploid thalli, are known as gametangia. They produce gametes
which are haploid in nature plants are usually monocious. The isogametes or anisogametes on liberation from some or different plants unite and form a diploid zygote. This zygote ultimetely gives rise to diploid plant which in turn, may bear neutral or unilocular sporangia.
Note - For figure of life cycle go through Q.26 page no. 122.
Q.16. Write short note on Conceptacle. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.4(iv) page no. 19.
Q.17. Write short note on Somatic meiosis in Batrachospermum. (2015)
Ans. In Batrachospermum mahabaleswarensis meiosis occurs in the apical cell of the chantransia phase, with residual nuclei from each meiosis being extruded into lateral protruberances from which no further growth occurs. In some species such as Batrachospermum sp. (Stosch & Tiel, 1979) and Lemanea fluviatilis (Huth, 1981) meiosis appears to be delayed and occurs not in the chantransia but in the apical cell of what is morphologically the gametophyte phase.
Other red algae with reduced tetrasporophytes may have the potential for the suppression of tetrasporogenesis and the direct development of a gametophyte generation via somatic meiosis. Several such potential occurrences are reviewed by Hawkes (1983), who described the possible occurrence of this phenomenon in Hummbrella hydra, a member of the Gigartinales from NewZealand. However, unequivocal cytological evidance for a Lemanea-type of life cycle is lacking except in the Batrachospermales.
Q.18. Write short note on Hormogones. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.15(f) page no. 59.
Q.19. Give a comparative account of thallus structure of Riccia, Marchantia and Anthoceros. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.1. page no. 67.
Q.20. Write short note on Sporophyte of Riccia. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q. 3(b) page no. 78.
Q.21. Write short note on Sporophyte of Anthoceros. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.18 page no. 117.
Q.22. Write short note on Antheridiophore of Marchantia. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.21 page no. 107.
Q.23. Draw labelled diagram of L.S. Capsule of Funarala. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.9. page no. 92.
Q.24. Draw labelled diagram of L.S. sporophyte of Sphagnum. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.7. page no. 89.
Q.25. Write short note on Peristome. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.21(b) page no. 107.
Q.26. Write short note on Gemmae. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q. 4(a) page no. 83.
Q.27. Write short note on Scale in Bryophytes. (2015)
Ans. Go through Q.11(b) page no.97.
Q.28. Draw labelled diagram of L.S. Sporophyte of Porella. (2015)
Ans.
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