Q.16 Take an example and describe Comprehansion Analysis in detail.
Ans. Comprehension Analysis: -
Let us take a specimen (Example 1) of an unseen passage & the related questions to be answered. We will now attempt to answer the questions. We will check, it we go wrong, & indicate a better form of answer that will be acceptable.
Example: 1
Read the passage given below & answer the questions that follows: -
Someone will say: and are you not, answered, Socrates, of a course of life which is likely to bring you to an untimely end? To him I may fairly answer : There are YOU mistaken: a man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance of living or dying: He ought only to consider whether in doing anything he is doing right or wrong – acting the part of a good man or of a bad.
And, therefore if you let me go now, and reject the counsels of Anytus, who said that if I were not put to death & that if I escape now, your sons will all be utterly ruined by listening to my words – if you say to me, Socrates, this time we will not mind Anytus, will let you off, but upon one condition, that you are not to inquire and speculate in this way any more, and that if you are caught doing this again you shall die – if this was the condition on which you let me go, I should reply: Men of Athens, I honour and love you; but I shall obey God rather than you, and while I have life & strength I shall never case from the practice & teaching of philosophy, exhorting anyone whom I meet after my manner, and convincing him, saying: O my friend, why do you, who are a citizen of the great and mighty and wire city of Athens care so much about laying up the greatest amount of money and honour and reputation and so little about wisdom and truth and the greatest improvement of the soul, which you never regard or need at all? Are you not ashamed of this? Where fore O men of Athens, I say to you, do as Anytus bids or not as Anytus bids, an either acquit me or not, but whatever you do, know that I shall never alter my ways, not even if I have to die many times.
And now, Athenians, I am not going to argue for my own sake, as you may think, but for yours, that you make not sin against the god, or lightly reject the boon by condemning me for if you kill me you will not easily find another like me, who, if I may use such a ludicrous figure of speech, am a sort of gadfly given to the state by the God; and the state is like a great and noble horse who is tardy in his motions owing to his very size and requires to be stirred into life. I am that gadfly which God had given the state and all day long and in all places am always fastening upon you, arousing and persuading and reproaching you. I dare say that you may feel irritated at being suddenly awakened when you are caught napping and you may think that if you were to strike me dead as Anytus advises which you easily might, then you would sleep on for the remainder of your lines, unless God in his care of you gives you another gadfly.
Well, Attenians, this and the like of this is nearly all the defense which I have to offer. Yet a word more perhaps there may be someone who is offered at me, when he calls to mind how he himself, on a similar or even a less serious occasion, had recourse to prayers and supplications with many tears and how he produced his children in court, which was a moving spectacle together with a posses of his relations and friends whereas I who an probably in danger of my life, will do none of these thing.
Extracts from the last speech of Socrates at his trail.
Questions: -
(A) Five words or phrases are given below, give the meaning of each as used in the passage. One word answers or short phrases will be accepted:
(i) Exhorting (ii) Boon (iii) Figure of speech
(iv) Stirred into life (v) Spectacle.
(B) Answer the following questions in your own words.
(i) Why should not (according to Socrates) a man consider the chance of living or dying?
(ii) What according to Anytus, would happen if Socrates was not put to death?
(iii) Under what reference did Socrates assert that he would obey God rather than you?
(iv) What does “Obey God” imply?
(v) What did Socrates consider as of a greater value than wealth and honour?
(vi) Socrates compared the state to a horse and himself to a gadfly. Point out the likeness between the practices of socrates and a gadfly.
(vii) The Athenians used to try many ways is save their lives after hearing their death sentence what did they use to do?
(viii) Locate any two sentence in the passage that indicate that Socrates was not afraid of death?
(C) Describe is not more than 60 words how Socrates put up his defense that he did no wrong, he only did what he believed to be good and right.
Ans. (A) Meaning of words or phrases: -
While you give the meaning of a word or phrase, you will take care of the following: -
(1) The meaning that you give fits in place of the original word and means the same thing or nearly the same thing as the original word.
Example: -
(1) Pal’s rudeness exasperated her to be, rude to Pal. The word ‘exasperated’ means irritated as well as provoked. In the context of the above sentence only the word provoked in the sentence without any loss of meaning.
(2) Only one word or one short phrase will be given, even if these are other words with exactly the same meaning.
(3) If a word happens to be a verb the tense of the meaning word (verb) must be in the same tense ‘of the original word: Example: Exasperated = provoked.
(4) Sometimes, the meaning a word could be in more than one word, and of a phrase in one word, it will all depend upon the word or phrase the context and your ability to search for the right word.
Example: -
Break in upon = disturb
Decency = the quality of being decent.
Suggested Meanings: -
(a) (i) Exhorting = advising earnestly
(ii) Boon = blessing.
(iii) Figure of speech = a expression.
(iv) Stirred into life = awakened the sense to realize the reality of life.
(v) Spectacle = something remarkable to see.
Comments: -
(1) Exhorting means advising or urging earnestly. Socrates devoted his life in teaching an convincing people advising in implied in teaching. In the context of the passage exhorting means advising earnestly.
(2) The meaning of figure of speech has to be made more clear by giving reference to simile and metaphor.
(3) Stir means move, rouse, excite. But the phrase stir to life becomes, forgetful of the realities and goal their life. So he took upon himself the responsibility of awakening the people to realize their duties and realities of life. The meaning of stir to life has been provided in this context.
Note: -
It would be better if the question one meanings of words is taken up at the end when the content of the passage becomes more class after attempting the questions under (b) and (c) sections.
Ans. (B) Read through the passage the first time to get a general idea of what it is about. Read it through a general idea of what it is about. Read it through a second time to gets all the important points. Now refer to each question in turn and go through that portion of the passage that contains an answer to the question. Generally the beginning questions are based on the beginning portions of the passage and each subsequent question refers to subsequent portion of the passage. There could be some deviation to this general convention.
(i) Just read the second sentence. You have the words. “the chance of living an dying underline the words. This is the place where you will find the answer. It is a simple question with a simple straight forward answer waiting for you in the second sentence.
(a) A man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chance of living or dying he ought only to consider whether in doing anything he is doing right or wrong acting the part of a good man or of a bad. But this will not do you have to use your own words as
(b) It is the duty of a good man that he should only do what he thinks good or right. In doing such a duty he should not be afraid of any consequences not even of death.”
This is a bit long and needs reframing. A short and direct answer including all the relevant points gives evidence of a good grasp of the language as.
(c) “A good man should only consider whether he is doing going good or wrong and in so doing she should not worry whether he lives or dies.
(ii) The words that helped the forming of the question and the answer may be found in the first sentences para: Mack the word. It I were not put to death”, and you have the answer in the main clause. Your sons will all be utterly ruined by listening to – my words. Now, you have only to change the answer in the indirect form using your own words and making the answer more clear and impressive as.
According to Anytus, Scorates would go on raining and corruption the lives of all Athenian children and youths by his teachings in case he was not put to death.
(iii) It is not difficult to locate the words: I shall obey God rather than you.” They occur in the second para (as was the case regarding question. The answer is quite easy to pick up from the same sentence as.
“Socrates said that if his life was spared on condition that he would stop asking questions and teaching the youths, even then he would obey God and do what God desired rather than the Athenians who wanted him to stop teaching the youths.
(iv) Answer to this question is not to be found in this passage. You have to deduce it from the stand taken by Secretes and from your own reasoning. It is said that secretes fell within himself that it was a mission from God Apollo that he must devote himself completely to seeking truth and goodness. You might not be knowing it. It does not matter. But from the passage you have come to know that Socrates was fully devoted to continue to do what was good and right to matter if he had to die many times. Further he says he would obey God rather than men. If we combine the two ideas it becomes clear that Socrates was convinced in his heart that it was God’s direction to him to continue the work he considered good and right. So the answer could be as suggested below.
“Obey God means obey what God desired and God desires that men should do good and make other to do good.”
(v) The answer has to be framed from the end part of the second pare. Socrates question whether Athenians are not ashamed of caring. A (money) honour and reputation). More than B (wisdom, truth and improvement of the soul). Thus, for Socrates B has to be cared more than A. So the suggested answer would be.
“Socrates considered wisdom and the greatest uplift of the soul of a great value than wealth and honour.
(vi) This is difficult question to handle for many may not be knowing what a gadfly is. (Gadfly is a kind of fly that stings horses and cattle). Such unknown unacquainted words will occasionally appear in an unseen passage, but it should not give any cause for worry. By reading in the centext intelligently it is possible to get an idea of what a word could mean though its exact meaning may remain unknown, we can easily guess that a gadfly is something like a fly. The comparison between the practices of Socrates and a gadfly are already given in the passage:
We may now frame the answer; as, “As a Gladfly sticks upon a horse and makes it alert by continually disturbing it similarly Socrates goes on meeting the youth’s of the state and arousing and string them to life through his teaching.”
Or. “When a gadfly sticks on a horse (and stings it), the horse shudders and moves. Similarly, when Socrates goes on meeting the people of the state and showing them their ignorance through his questions; it is only then the people wake up & realize the truth.”
(vii) The answer can be picked up from the lost sentence:
“The Athenians hearing their death sentence would usually pray, cry for mercy, and being their children, relations & friends to soften the heart of the jurors (judges) for sparing their lives.”
(viii) Answer.
1. “A man who is good for anything ought not to calculate the chances of living or dying.”
2. “I shall never alter my ways not even if I have to die many times.”
(C) Summary: -
This question calls for your ability to summarize a passage within the limit of 60 words. The precious chapter has shown you how to summarize. From the wordings of the questions you will know that the whole passage has to be summarized because the whole passage shows how Socrates puts up his defense. Now, you have to read the passage again to mark the important poets, defense. Now, you have to read the passage again to mark the important poets, ideas, points. (Mark them with a different colour pencil). Summary ensures that you understand the passage and have the judgment to separate what is relevant from what is irrelevant. Avoid being confused by attractive – looking irrevancies. Now make a rough draft & check whether the summary is within the limits been set. The first attempt is nearly always too long. A good deal of what you first thought necessary will have to come out. After reading see that each sentence logically flows into the next. Brevity & clarity need to go hand in hand. Here is a suggested summary.
Summary: -
“In his trial Socrates justified his belief. It was a mission from God to continue to teach the Athenians to lay bare their ignorance and to persuade them to care more about truth and wisdom than about money and honour. He was trying to wake up the state so that it might know what is good and right (58 words).”
Q.17 Attempt a precis of the following passage. Give a suitable title too :
It is however not a fact that our teachers do not import human values to the taught. The irony is that they preach but do not practise them. For instance, if a teacher himself smokes, he cannot virtually influence the taught to give up this bad habit. The teachings, therefore, become effective if the teacher himself observes the code of conduct in actual practice. The teachers must subordinate money making to character training of the pupils, sacrifice vested interests for the broad interests of society, cultivate the habit of wide reading, have close watch over pupils activities with a corrective attitude, and preach what they practice. The more the number of ideal teachers, the more firmly connected will be the educational values of integrity, discipline, diligence self-sacrifice, co-operation, social justice, magnanimity, secularism and humanism among the students. Since education is a bio-polar activity both the poles, teachers and taughts, must pay due attention to the value system in education. If the former adheres to the educational values, the latter is bound to do so. (2008-09)
Ans. Characteristics of a Good Teacher (Title): -
Teacher is the only one who can change pupil’s life and guide them towards right direction but this practise can be done only by preaching. Teacher is a pole of students career’s life so it is necessary that human and educational values like integrity, social justise should be practised.