Q.10 Transform the following as directed in the brackets :
(i) I was born here. (Into complex sentence)
(ii) I was glad to see the Taj. (Compound sentence)
(iii) I have not read the book that you gave me. (Simple sentence)
(iv) I came, I saw and I conquered it. (Simple sentence) (2009-10)
Ans. (i) When I was born, I was here.
(ii) I saw the Taj and I was glad.
(iii) I have not read your book.
(iv) On coming and seeing I conquered it.
Q.11 What is the sequence of Tenses?
Ans. The sequence of tense is the principle in accordance with which the tense of a verb in the subordinate clause follows the tense of the verb in the principal clause. This means that the tense in the subordinate clause is suited to the tense of the principal clause. (Sequence means following on).
In a complex sentence, the following rules are generally observed regarding the use of the tense of the verb in the subordinate clause.
Rule: If the verb in the principal clause is in the present or the future tense, the verb in the subordinate clause may be in any tense, present, past or future.
Examples: -
1. He says / that she is ill.
2. He says / that she was ill.
3. He says / that she will be ill.
4. He will say / that she is ill.
5. He will say / that she was ill.
6. He will say / that she will be ill.
Rule: 2
If the verb in the principal clause is in the past tense, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the corresponding past tense; as –
Examples: -
1. Rama came / that he might see me.
2. He told me / that she had been ill.
3. He saw / that the fan had stopped.
4. I knew / that the fan would fall.
There are however, two exceptions to this rule.
(i) A past tense in the principal clause may be followed by a present tense in the subordinate clause when the subordinate expresses some habitual or Universal fact.
Examples:
My grandfather taught me that honesty is the best policy.
The teacher told her students that the earth moves round the sun.
I told my students that virtue is its own reward.
(ii) When the subordinate clause is introduced by some conjunction of comparison such as ‘than’ it can be followed by any tense, in spite of the fact that the principal clause is followed by present tense/future tense.
Examples:
I like sam better than you liked him.
They cared more of me than they do of their children.
It seems prettier than that shawl which we purchased yesterday.
The above two rules are called the rules of the sequence of tense.
Rule: 3
The verb in the subordinate clause must be expressed by may or might as the verb in the principal clause is, in the present (or future) or the past tense respectively.
Example: -
I work / that I may pass.
I shall work / that I may pass.
I worked / that I might pass.
Rule: 4
A future tense is not used in subordinate clause beginning with when, until, before, after, etc…….if the principal clause is in the future tense.
Examples: -
1. I shall tell you / when he comes.
2. I shall wait / till you return.
Rule: 5
The past tense is used after such expressions as: if only, as if, it is time, wish that.
Examples: -
1. I wish / that he would come.
2. It is time / you started working.
3. He talks / as if he were mad.
4. If only I had a card.
Rule: 6
Note the tense in the sentence containing since.
Examples: -
1. I have not seen him since he come to Delhi.
Q.12. Transform the following sentences as directed against each:
(i) He confused his crime (Into complex sentence)
(ii) Tell the truth (Into complex sentence)
(iii) He admitted stealing the watch (Into complex sentence)
(iv) Be good and you will be happy (Into simple sentence)
(v) He was rejected owing to ill-health (Into compound sentence) (2011 - 12) Ans. (i) He confused that he was criminal.
(ii) Tell what the truth is.
(iii) He admitted that he stole the watch.
(iv) Being good will make you happy.
(v) He was in ill health, so he was rejected.
Q.13. Change the degree of comparision without changing the meaning of the following:
(i) I am as strong as him.
(ii) Akbar was one of the greatest king.
(iii) The post is too small for me (Remove adverb too). (2011 - 12)
Ans. (i) a. I am not strong than him. (Comparative degree)
b. I am not the strongest boy. (Superlative degree)
(ii) a. Very few kings were as great as Akbar. (Positive degree)
b. Akbar was greater than most other kings. (Comparative degree)
(iii) The post is so small that I cannot apply for it.
Q.14. Transform by changing the voice:
(i) I know her (Passive voice).
(ii) My pocket has been picked. (Active voice).
(iii) Who taught you grammer? (Passive vioce).
(iv) The people will make him president. (Passive voice) (2011 - 12)
Ans. (i) She is know to me.
(ii) Some one has picked my pocket.
(iii) By whome was you taught grammer?
(iv) He will made President by the people.
(i) I was born here. (Into complex sentence)
(ii) I was glad to see the Taj. (Compound sentence)
(iii) I have not read the book that you gave me. (Simple sentence)
(iv) I came, I saw and I conquered it. (Simple sentence) (2009-10)
Ans. (i) When I was born, I was here.
(ii) I saw the Taj and I was glad.
(iii) I have not read your book.
(iv) On coming and seeing I conquered it.
Q.11 What is the sequence of Tenses?
Ans. The sequence of tense is the principle in accordance with which the tense of a verb in the subordinate clause follows the tense of the verb in the principal clause. This means that the tense in the subordinate clause is suited to the tense of the principal clause. (Sequence means following on).
In a complex sentence, the following rules are generally observed regarding the use of the tense of the verb in the subordinate clause.
Rule: If the verb in the principal clause is in the present or the future tense, the verb in the subordinate clause may be in any tense, present, past or future.
Examples: -
1. He says / that she is ill.
2. He says / that she was ill.
3. He says / that she will be ill.
4. He will say / that she is ill.
5. He will say / that she was ill.
6. He will say / that she will be ill.
Rule: 2
If the verb in the principal clause is in the past tense, the verb in the subordinate clause will be in the corresponding past tense; as –
Examples: -
1. Rama came / that he might see me.
2. He told me / that she had been ill.
3. He saw / that the fan had stopped.
4. I knew / that the fan would fall.
There are however, two exceptions to this rule.
(i) A past tense in the principal clause may be followed by a present tense in the subordinate clause when the subordinate expresses some habitual or Universal fact.
Examples:
My grandfather taught me that honesty is the best policy.
The teacher told her students that the earth moves round the sun.
I told my students that virtue is its own reward.
(ii) When the subordinate clause is introduced by some conjunction of comparison such as ‘than’ it can be followed by any tense, in spite of the fact that the principal clause is followed by present tense/future tense.
Examples:
I like sam better than you liked him.
They cared more of me than they do of their children.
It seems prettier than that shawl which we purchased yesterday.
The above two rules are called the rules of the sequence of tense.
Rule: 3
The verb in the subordinate clause must be expressed by may or might as the verb in the principal clause is, in the present (or future) or the past tense respectively.
Example: -
I work / that I may pass.
I shall work / that I may pass.
I worked / that I might pass.
Rule: 4
A future tense is not used in subordinate clause beginning with when, until, before, after, etc…….if the principal clause is in the future tense.
Examples: -
1. I shall tell you / when he comes.
2. I shall wait / till you return.
Rule: 5
The past tense is used after such expressions as: if only, as if, it is time, wish that.
Examples: -
1. I wish / that he would come.
2. It is time / you started working.
3. He talks / as if he were mad.
4. If only I had a card.
Rule: 6
Note the tense in the sentence containing since.
Examples: -
1. I have not seen him since he come to Delhi.
Q.12. Transform the following sentences as directed against each:
(i) He confused his crime (Into complex sentence)
(ii) Tell the truth (Into complex sentence)
(iii) He admitted stealing the watch (Into complex sentence)
(iv) Be good and you will be happy (Into simple sentence)
(v) He was rejected owing to ill-health (Into compound sentence) (2011 - 12) Ans. (i) He confused that he was criminal.
(ii) Tell what the truth is.
(iii) He admitted that he stole the watch.
(iv) Being good will make you happy.
(v) He was in ill health, so he was rejected.
Q.13. Change the degree of comparision without changing the meaning of the following:
(i) I am as strong as him.
(ii) Akbar was one of the greatest king.
(iii) The post is too small for me (Remove adverb too). (2011 - 12)
Ans. (i) a. I am not strong than him. (Comparative degree)
b. I am not the strongest boy. (Superlative degree)
(ii) a. Very few kings were as great as Akbar. (Positive degree)
b. Akbar was greater than most other kings. (Comparative degree)
(iii) The post is so small that I cannot apply for it.
Q.14. Transform by changing the voice:
(i) I know her (Passive voice).
(ii) My pocket has been picked. (Active voice).
(iii) Who taught you grammer? (Passive vioce).
(iv) The people will make him president. (Passive voice) (2011 - 12)
Ans. (i) She is know to me.
(ii) Some one has picked my pocket.
(iii) By whome was you taught grammer?
(iv) He will made President by the people.