Q.3 Simplify / correct / shorten / combine the given sentences as indicated.
(i) The new manager will join in a week. He belongs to Hyderabad. (Use relative pronoun)
(ii) Sheila is a nice person. She often loses temper. (Use Conjuction)
(iii) She is cooking something. We do not know what it is? (Use Noun Clause)
(iv) Get the house repaired. The monsoon may create problems for you. (Use Subordinate Conjuction)
Ans. (i) The new manager who belongs to Hyderabad will join in a week.
(ii) Sheila is a nice person, but she often loses temper.
(iii) We do not know what she is cooking.
(iv) Get the house repaired because the monsoon may create problems for you.
Q.4 What is transformation of sentences?
Ans. Transformation of a sentence means changing (or converting) the words or form of a sentence without changing its meaning (or sense).
Transformation of one kind of sentence into another is as follows: -
I. Conversion of simple sentences into compound sentences.
Rule: -
Simple Sentences can be changed into compound sentences by expanding words or phrases into co-ordinate clauses.
The following examples illustrate what is said above.
Examples: -
1. Simple: The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
Compound: The weather was fine and we went out for a walk.
2. Simple: He must run fast to catch the train.
Compound: He must run fast or he will not catch the train.
3. Simple: The sun having risen, the sky cleared.
Compound: The sun rose, and the sky cleared.
4. Simple : In spite of my calling, he gave me no answer.
Compound: I called him, but he gave me no answer.
II. Conversion of compound sentences into simple sentences.
Rule: -
Keep one clause as independent and reduce the other co-ordinate clause or clauses to phrases.
Examples: -
1. Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is happy.
2. Compound: He is not only a fool, but also a villain.
Simple: Besides beings a fool, he is a villain.
3. Compound: Be good and you would be happy.
Simple: Being good would make you happy.
III. Conversion of compound sentences into complex sentences.
Rule: A compound sentence is charged into a complex sentence by changing co-ordinate clause to a sub-ordinate clause.
Example: -
1. Compound: She saw me and she came running to me.
Complex: As soon as she saw me, she came running to me.
2. Compound: Science is a good servant but it is a bad master.
Complex: Though science is a good servant, it is a bad master
IV. Conversion of simple sentences into complex sentences.
Rule: Simple sentence can be converted into complex by expanding a word or a phrase into a subordinate clause. The word or phrase may be expanded into a noun clause, an adjective clause or an adverb clause.
Example: -
1. Simple: We heard of his failure.
Complex: We heard that he failed.
2. Simple: Seeing the snake I shouted.
Complex: When I saw the snake I shouted.
3. Simple: A healthy person needs no doctor.
Complex: A person who is healthy needs no doctor.
4. Simple: On being late, he was punished.
Complex: He was punished because he was late.
V. Conversion of complex sentences into simple sentences.
Rule: Complex sentence can be changed into simple sentences by contracting the subordinate clause into words or phrases.
Example: -
1. Complex: I expect that I shall see him today.
Simple: I expect to see him today.
2. Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.
Simple: With hard work, you will succeed.
3. Complex: He narrated a story which was interesting.
Simple: He narrated an interesting story.
4. Complex: This news is so good that it cannot be true.
Simple: This news is too good to be true.
VI. Conversion of complex sentences into compound sentence.
Rule: We change a complex sentence into a compound sentence by changing a sub-ordinate clause into a co-ordinate clause.
Example: -
1. Complex: When the day dawned, we got up.
Compound: The day dawned and we got up.
2. Complex: He loses more than he wins.
Compound: He wins something, but he loses more.
3. Complex: I have found the ring that I had lost.
Compound: I had lost the ring, but I have found it.
Transformation of Degree.
It is possible to change the degree of comparison of an adjective or an adverb in a sentence without altering the meaning of the sentence, as show below;
Example: -
1. Positive: He runs as fast as a deer.
Comparative: A deer does not run faster than he.
2. Superlative: Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases.
Comparative: Hydrogen is lighter than any other gas.
Positive: No gas is as light as hydrogen.
Interchange of affirmative into negative sentences.
Example: -
1. Affirmative: The razor is blunt.
Negative: The razor is not sharp.
2. Affirmative: He has courage.
Negative: He is not without courage.
3. Affirmative: He did it.
Negative: He did not fail to do it.
4. Affirmative: He is too noble to be mean.
Negative: He is so noble that he cannot be mean.
Interchange of interrogative into assertive sentences.
Examples: -
1. Interrogative: Can a dog change his nature?
Assertive: A dog cannot change his nature.
2. Interrogative: Who does not wish to be happy?
Assertive: Everyone wishes to be happy.
3. Interrogative: When can his glory fade?
Assertive: His glory can never fade.
4. Interrogative: When will she learn to be polite?
Assertive: She will never learn to be polite.
Interchange of assertive into interrogative sentence.
Examples: -
1. Assertive: Everyone would like to be a leader.
Interrogative: Who would not like to be a leader?
2. Assertive: He was a villain to do such a deed.
Interrogative: Was he not a villain to do such a deed?
3. Assertive: He will never forget the experience.
Interrogative: Will he ever forget the experience?
Interchange of negative into affirmative sentence.
Examples: -
1. Negative: He is not so wise as Solomon.
Affirmative: Solomon is wiser than he.
2. Negative: He left nothing unfinished.
Affirmative: He finished everything.
3. Negative: Do not tell a lie.
Affirmative: Speak the truth.
4. Negative: I am not as rich as he.
Affirmative: He is richer than I.
Transformation of statement into exclamation.
Examples: -
1. Statement: She dances well.
Exclamation: How well she dances !
2. Statement: The song is very sweet.
Exclamation: How sweet the song is !
3. Statement: I wish I had won a prize.
Exclamation: O for a prize !
4. Statement: It is very cold today.
Exclamation: How cold it is today !
(i) The new manager will join in a week. He belongs to Hyderabad. (Use relative pronoun)
(ii) Sheila is a nice person. She often loses temper. (Use Conjuction)
(iii) She is cooking something. We do not know what it is? (Use Noun Clause)
(iv) Get the house repaired. The monsoon may create problems for you. (Use Subordinate Conjuction)
Ans. (i) The new manager who belongs to Hyderabad will join in a week.
(ii) Sheila is a nice person, but she often loses temper.
(iii) We do not know what she is cooking.
(iv) Get the house repaired because the monsoon may create problems for you.
Q.4 What is transformation of sentences?
Ans. Transformation of a sentence means changing (or converting) the words or form of a sentence without changing its meaning (or sense).
Transformation of one kind of sentence into another is as follows: -
I. Conversion of simple sentences into compound sentences.
Rule: -
Simple Sentences can be changed into compound sentences by expanding words or phrases into co-ordinate clauses.
The following examples illustrate what is said above.
Examples: -
1. Simple: The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.
Compound: The weather was fine and we went out for a walk.
2. Simple: He must run fast to catch the train.
Compound: He must run fast or he will not catch the train.
3. Simple: The sun having risen, the sky cleared.
Compound: The sun rose, and the sky cleared.
4. Simple : In spite of my calling, he gave me no answer.
Compound: I called him, but he gave me no answer.
II. Conversion of compound sentences into simple sentences.
Rule: -
Keep one clause as independent and reduce the other co-ordinate clause or clauses to phrases.
Examples: -
1. Compound: He is poor, but he is happy.
Simple: In spite of his poverty, he is happy.
2. Compound: He is not only a fool, but also a villain.
Simple: Besides beings a fool, he is a villain.
3. Compound: Be good and you would be happy.
Simple: Being good would make you happy.
III. Conversion of compound sentences into complex sentences.
Rule: A compound sentence is charged into a complex sentence by changing co-ordinate clause to a sub-ordinate clause.
Example: -
1. Compound: She saw me and she came running to me.
Complex: As soon as she saw me, she came running to me.
2. Compound: Science is a good servant but it is a bad master.
Complex: Though science is a good servant, it is a bad master
IV. Conversion of simple sentences into complex sentences.
Rule: Simple sentence can be converted into complex by expanding a word or a phrase into a subordinate clause. The word or phrase may be expanded into a noun clause, an adjective clause or an adverb clause.
Example: -
1. Simple: We heard of his failure.
Complex: We heard that he failed.
2. Simple: Seeing the snake I shouted.
Complex: When I saw the snake I shouted.
3. Simple: A healthy person needs no doctor.
Complex: A person who is healthy needs no doctor.
4. Simple: On being late, he was punished.
Complex: He was punished because he was late.
V. Conversion of complex sentences into simple sentences.
Rule: Complex sentence can be changed into simple sentences by contracting the subordinate clause into words or phrases.
Example: -
1. Complex: I expect that I shall see him today.
Simple: I expect to see him today.
2. Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.
Simple: With hard work, you will succeed.
3. Complex: He narrated a story which was interesting.
Simple: He narrated an interesting story.
4. Complex: This news is so good that it cannot be true.
Simple: This news is too good to be true.
VI. Conversion of complex sentences into compound sentence.
Rule: We change a complex sentence into a compound sentence by changing a sub-ordinate clause into a co-ordinate clause.
Example: -
1. Complex: When the day dawned, we got up.
Compound: The day dawned and we got up.
2. Complex: He loses more than he wins.
Compound: He wins something, but he loses more.
3. Complex: I have found the ring that I had lost.
Compound: I had lost the ring, but I have found it.
Transformation of Degree.
It is possible to change the degree of comparison of an adjective or an adverb in a sentence without altering the meaning of the sentence, as show below;
Example: -
1. Positive: He runs as fast as a deer.
Comparative: A deer does not run faster than he.
2. Superlative: Hydrogen is the lightest of all gases.
Comparative: Hydrogen is lighter than any other gas.
Positive: No gas is as light as hydrogen.
Interchange of affirmative into negative sentences.
Example: -
1. Affirmative: The razor is blunt.
Negative: The razor is not sharp.
2. Affirmative: He has courage.
Negative: He is not without courage.
3. Affirmative: He did it.
Negative: He did not fail to do it.
4. Affirmative: He is too noble to be mean.
Negative: He is so noble that he cannot be mean.
Interchange of interrogative into assertive sentences.
Examples: -
1. Interrogative: Can a dog change his nature?
Assertive: A dog cannot change his nature.
2. Interrogative: Who does not wish to be happy?
Assertive: Everyone wishes to be happy.
3. Interrogative: When can his glory fade?
Assertive: His glory can never fade.
4. Interrogative: When will she learn to be polite?
Assertive: She will never learn to be polite.
Interchange of assertive into interrogative sentence.
Examples: -
1. Assertive: Everyone would like to be a leader.
Interrogative: Who would not like to be a leader?
2. Assertive: He was a villain to do such a deed.
Interrogative: Was he not a villain to do such a deed?
3. Assertive: He will never forget the experience.
Interrogative: Will he ever forget the experience?
Interchange of negative into affirmative sentence.
Examples: -
1. Negative: He is not so wise as Solomon.
Affirmative: Solomon is wiser than he.
2. Negative: He left nothing unfinished.
Affirmative: He finished everything.
3. Negative: Do not tell a lie.
Affirmative: Speak the truth.
4. Negative: I am not as rich as he.
Affirmative: He is richer than I.
Transformation of statement into exclamation.
Examples: -
1. Statement: She dances well.
Exclamation: How well she dances !
2. Statement: The song is very sweet.
Exclamation: How sweet the song is !
3. Statement: I wish I had won a prize.
Exclamation: O for a prize !
4. Statement: It is very cold today.
Exclamation: How cold it is today !