Q.21 Five rules of SYNTHESIS are given below. Write two examples of each rule.
I. By using Participles (2011 - 12)
II. By using Infinitives (2011 - 12)
III. By using Adverbs or Adverbial Phrases
IV. By using Preposition + Noun / Gerund
V. By using Absolute Phrases. (2010 - 11)
Ans. I. (a) Hearing the noise, the boy woke up (Present Participle)
(b) We saw a few trees laden with fruit. (past Participle)
II. (a) To see is to believe. (Simple Infinitive)
(b) This house is to let (Gerundial Infinitive)
III. (a) Rama went to school punctually. (Adverb)
(b) You must do the work at every cost. (Adverbial Phrase)
IV. (a) Besides teaching he gave me five rupees.
(b) On hearing the news of her husband’s death, she fainted.
V. (a) The signal being given, the train started.
(b) The weather being fine, I went out.
Q.23 Describe concord in brief? (2009-10)
Related Questions -
Q. Define concord i.e. subject-verb agreement by citing any five rules with one example each. (2011 - 12)
Ans. Concord: -
Concord or the agreement of the verb with the subject means the verb agrees with its subject in number and person-
Ex. (1) He goes to meerut. (2) I read a book.
These are some rules to understand concord –
Rule I : If two or more singular subjects are joined with ‘and’, we use plural verb here.
Ex. : Mohan and his brother have failed.
Rule II : If two or more singular subjects are joined with ‘or,nor, either —— or, neither — nor, we use ‘singular verb’ here.
Ex. : Either Ramesh or Mahesh is to be rewarded.
Rule III : If two singular subjects are joined with ‘as well as’, we use ‘singular verb’ here.
Ex. : The teacher as well as the boy is responsible for the result.
Rule IV : After either , neither, each , everyone, many a, we use singular verb.
Ex. : Each of these books is worth reading.
Rule V : If subject of a clause is relative pronoun, we use verb as antecedent.
Ex. : Soldiers who are brave, are praised.
Q.24 Five rules of concord are given below. Write two examples for each rule.
(i) Nouns preceded by ‘each’, ‘every’, ‘one’, ‘either’, etc. take singular form.
(ii) Nouns preceded by ‘each’ or ‘every’ through joined by ‘and’ take a singular verb.
(iii) Collective nouns take a singular verb.
(iv) When a plural noun denoting ‘distance’, ‘weight’, ‘height’ or ‘amount of money’ is illustrated as a singular unit. It takes a singular verb.
(v) If two or more than two nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb remains singular. (2008-09)
Ans. (i) (a) Each student claims to be the best.
(b) Either he or her mother was there.
(ii) (a) Each and every student of this class is Brilliant.
(b) Last month I visited Rajasthan and I saw each and every place________there.
(iii) (a) A heap of books is lying on the table.
(b) There was a large crowd at the fair.
(iv) (a) Music was coming through the windows of the house.
(b) A lot of money has been wasted.
(v) (a) Reading and gossiping is her favourite.
(b) Furniture and house is made of wood.
Q.25 Make the verb agree with their respective subjects.
(i) The state of affairs (CALL/CALLS) for some drastic changes.
(ii) Nobody, not even the elders (IS / ARE) interfering in this matter.
(iii) A five-hundread rupee note (IS / ARE) on the table.
(iv) Nehru, a politician and writer (SHOW / SHOWS) vision and perspective.
(v) The Board (IS / ARE) amending the process. (2011)
Ans. (i) Call (ii) Is (iii) Is (iv) Shows (v) Is
Q.26 What is a conjunction? Write the classes of conjunctions? (2008 - 09, 09-10)
Ans. Conjunction: -
A conjunction is a word which merely joins together sentences and sometimes words.
Classes of Conjunctions: -
A co – ordinating conjunction joins together clauses of equal rank.
Example: -
Birds fly and fish swim.
The chief Co – ordinating conjunctions are : -
And, but, for, or, nor, also, either or neither – nor.
Co – ordinating Conjunctions are of four kind: -
1. Comulative or Copulative: -
Which merely add one statement to another as :
We carved not a line and we raised not a stone.
2. Adversative: -
Which express opposition or contrast between two statements as :
He is slow, but he is sure.
I was annoyed, still I kept quiet.
3. Disjunctive or Alternative: -
Which express a choice between two alternatives as:
She must weep or she will die.
Work hard lest you should fail.
4. Illative: -
Which express an inference as a
(i) You stole a pen, so you were punished.
(ii) It will rain for there are black clouds.
Subordination Conjunction: -
A subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning.
Example: -
I read the paper because it interests me.
The chief subordinating conjunctions are – after, because, if, that, though, although, till, before, unless, as, when, where, while.
Examples: -
(i) I will do it when I find time.
(ii) I did not come because you did not call me.
Subordinating conjunctions may be classified according to their meaning as follows:
Time: I would die before I lied. Many things have happened since I saw you.
Cause: My strength is as the strength of ten, because my heart is pure.
Purpose: We eat so that we may live. He held my hand lest I should fall.
Result or Consequence: He was so tired that he could scarcely stand.
Condition: Rama will go if Hari goes.
Concession: I will not see him, though he comes.
Comparison: He is stronger than Rustum.
I. By using Participles (2011 - 12)
II. By using Infinitives (2011 - 12)
III. By using Adverbs or Adverbial Phrases
IV. By using Preposition + Noun / Gerund
V. By using Absolute Phrases. (2010 - 11)
Ans. I. (a) Hearing the noise, the boy woke up (Present Participle)
(b) We saw a few trees laden with fruit. (past Participle)
II. (a) To see is to believe. (Simple Infinitive)
(b) This house is to let (Gerundial Infinitive)
III. (a) Rama went to school punctually. (Adverb)
(b) You must do the work at every cost. (Adverbial Phrase)
IV. (a) Besides teaching he gave me five rupees.
(b) On hearing the news of her husband’s death, she fainted.
V. (a) The signal being given, the train started.
(b) The weather being fine, I went out.
Q.23 Describe concord in brief? (2009-10)
Related Questions -
Q. Define concord i.e. subject-verb agreement by citing any five rules with one example each. (2011 - 12)
Ans. Concord: -
Concord or the agreement of the verb with the subject means the verb agrees with its subject in number and person-
Ex. (1) He goes to meerut. (2) I read a book.
These are some rules to understand concord –
Rule I : If two or more singular subjects are joined with ‘and’, we use plural verb here.
Ex. : Mohan and his brother have failed.
Rule II : If two or more singular subjects are joined with ‘or,nor, either —— or, neither — nor, we use ‘singular verb’ here.
Ex. : Either Ramesh or Mahesh is to be rewarded.
Rule III : If two singular subjects are joined with ‘as well as’, we use ‘singular verb’ here.
Ex. : The teacher as well as the boy is responsible for the result.
Rule IV : After either , neither, each , everyone, many a, we use singular verb.
Ex. : Each of these books is worth reading.
Rule V : If subject of a clause is relative pronoun, we use verb as antecedent.
Ex. : Soldiers who are brave, are praised.
Q.24 Five rules of concord are given below. Write two examples for each rule.
(i) Nouns preceded by ‘each’, ‘every’, ‘one’, ‘either’, etc. take singular form.
(ii) Nouns preceded by ‘each’ or ‘every’ through joined by ‘and’ take a singular verb.
(iii) Collective nouns take a singular verb.
(iv) When a plural noun denoting ‘distance’, ‘weight’, ‘height’ or ‘amount of money’ is illustrated as a singular unit. It takes a singular verb.
(v) If two or more than two nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb remains singular. (2008-09)
Ans. (i) (a) Each student claims to be the best.
(b) Either he or her mother was there.
(ii) (a) Each and every student of this class is Brilliant.
(b) Last month I visited Rajasthan and I saw each and every place________there.
(iii) (a) A heap of books is lying on the table.
(b) There was a large crowd at the fair.
(iv) (a) Music was coming through the windows of the house.
(b) A lot of money has been wasted.
(v) (a) Reading and gossiping is her favourite.
(b) Furniture and house is made of wood.
Q.25 Make the verb agree with their respective subjects.
(i) The state of affairs (CALL/CALLS) for some drastic changes.
(ii) Nobody, not even the elders (IS / ARE) interfering in this matter.
(iii) A five-hundread rupee note (IS / ARE) on the table.
(iv) Nehru, a politician and writer (SHOW / SHOWS) vision and perspective.
(v) The Board (IS / ARE) amending the process. (2011)
Ans. (i) Call (ii) Is (iii) Is (iv) Shows (v) Is
Q.26 What is a conjunction? Write the classes of conjunctions? (2008 - 09, 09-10)
Ans. Conjunction: -
A conjunction is a word which merely joins together sentences and sometimes words.
Classes of Conjunctions: -
A co – ordinating conjunction joins together clauses of equal rank.
Example: -
Birds fly and fish swim.
The chief Co – ordinating conjunctions are : -
And, but, for, or, nor, also, either or neither – nor.
Co – ordinating Conjunctions are of four kind: -
1. Comulative or Copulative: -
Which merely add one statement to another as :
We carved not a line and we raised not a stone.
2. Adversative: -
Which express opposition or contrast between two statements as :
He is slow, but he is sure.
I was annoyed, still I kept quiet.
3. Disjunctive or Alternative: -
Which express a choice between two alternatives as:
She must weep or she will die.
Work hard lest you should fail.
4. Illative: -
Which express an inference as a
(i) You stole a pen, so you were punished.
(ii) It will rain for there are black clouds.
Subordination Conjunction: -
A subordinating conjunction joins a clause to another on which it depends for its full meaning.
Example: -
I read the paper because it interests me.
The chief subordinating conjunctions are – after, because, if, that, though, although, till, before, unless, as, when, where, while.
Examples: -
(i) I will do it when I find time.
(ii) I did not come because you did not call me.
Subordinating conjunctions may be classified according to their meaning as follows:
Time: I would die before I lied. Many things have happened since I saw you.
Cause: My strength is as the strength of ten, because my heart is pure.
Purpose: We eat so that we may live. He held my hand lest I should fall.
Result or Consequence: He was so tired that he could scarcely stand.
Condition: Rama will go if Hari goes.
Concession: I will not see him, though he comes.
Comparison: He is stronger than Rustum.