Q.9. Which are the main causes of industrialization.
Related Questions -
Q. Explain the major causes of industrialization. (AKTU. 2009 - 10, 12 - 13)
Ans. Causes Of Industrialization: -
The main factors which gave stimulus to industrialization are as follows:
(i) Large Scale Production: -
Modern factories carry on large scale production to meet the demands of large number of people. Production is carried on in anticipation of demand. To get large scale of production industrialization is very essential.
(ii) Mechanisation: -
The developments in the fields of science and technology have increased the degree of mechanisation in the modern factory system. The efficiency of the factories has increased many times because of new innovations. It’s mean, we can get good result in short time.
(iii) Automation: -
In many advanced countries like the U.S.A. and the U.K., automation has been introduced in the production system. By automation we mean installation of one set of machines to run another set of machines. For instance, there is automation in oil refineries, chemical industrial units and food processing units. A small number of operators sitting in the control room control the entire operation.
(iv) Specialisation: -
There is greater specialisation and division of labour. Many industrial units specialise in the manufacture of a small number of components or parts of different products. Division of labour has facilitated the workers to concentrate on limited operations.
(v) Standardisation: -
Standardisation brings about uniformity of quality and size, and facilitates large scale production. Now a days, many organisations, whether production or services based, are trying to get themselves standardised as per International Standards called ISO certifications. Thus, overall quality consciousness has increased in industry.
(vi) Management Information System: -
Introduction of management information system with the help of electronic computers is another highlight of modern machine age. The computers have vast memories. They can store huge amount of information and make available the required information within seconds. They help in taking managerial decisions at the proper time.
(vii) Growth of Industrial Areas: -
Concentration of industries in certain regions of the country has given rise to the growth of industrial areas which offer special advantages in regard to raw materials power, access to market, financing, transporting, etc.
(viii) Expansion of International Trade: -
Mass production, standardisation of products, and improved means of transport and communication have increased the volume of international trade among different countriews.
(ix) Research and Development: -
Big industrial enterprises have established separate departments for research and development and they spend a considerable portion of their earnings for innovating new products and ideas. Research and development activities have the effect of decreasing cost, increasing quality and consumer satisfaction and raising the standard of living of the people.
(x) Competition: -
There is cut-throat competition among the producers of goods in all capitalist economies. Economic relations between different persons are based on contract rather than on custom and tradition.
Q.10. Write short note on consequence of industrialization.
Related Questions -
Q. Explain the consequence of the industrialization. (AKTU. 2009 - 10)
Ans. Consequences Of Industrialization: -
Industrialisation has affected the society in every respect. The customs and traditions, the fashion and manners, the ways and modes of living all have been deeply influenced by industrialisation. The processes of industrialisation are intimately related with scientific processes. Therefore, the attitude of the members of industrial society has become scientific. In an industrial society, the superstitions and blind faiths have no place. People expect and demand rational explanation of every phenomenon. The reason and not faith is the touchstone of every action and belief in the industrial society. It provide fact in front of man. There is no place for supersfitions. It has also change the face of the society and make it modern society in which there is different facilities for human beings. The freedom of thought and individualism are the cornerstones of the industrial society. Because of industrialisation, the methods and means of social control have changed. The ancient institutions of marriage and family have also changed. The old values and rules pertaining to religion and morals are undergoing radical changes. The new patterns of social stratification are being established, The caste system is being replaced by the class system. Even the means of recreation and entertainment have undergone change in the industrial urban society. Thus, it is obvious that industrilisation has influenced almost every aspect of society.
Q.11. Briefly discuss the changes brought about as a result of industrial Revolution. (AKTU. 2012-13)
Ans. Industrial activity on modern lines pricked up after the British took over the reigns in India. Between 1850-60, jute mills were up. In the beginning, rail track between mining centres in Bihar and Calcutta were laid. Along with the development of means of communication there was rapid industrial growth in India. About this time foreign merchants established textile mills in Bombay and Ahmedabed. In Kanpur woolen and leather factories were established. These factories were under British ownership though the raw material was supplied by Indians and the labour working in these factories was also Indian.
The British Government to export the raw materials from India and import into India the finished goods at exhorbitant prices. In 1911, Jamshed ji Tata ushered in an era of Indian industrial revolution by setting up a steel mill in Jamshedpur. After the first world war, the British encouraged setting up industries in India.
Ans. Industrial activity on modern lines pricked up after the British took over the reigns in India. Between 1850-60, jute mills were up. In the beginning, rail track between mining centres in Bihar and Calcutta were laid. Along with the development of means of communication there was rapid industrial growth in India. About this time foreign merchants established textile mills in Bombay and Ahmedabed. In Kanpur woolen and leather factories were established. These factories were under British ownership though the raw material was supplied by Indians and the labour working in these factories was also Indian.
The British Government to export the raw materials from India and import into India the finished goods at exhorbitant prices. In 1911, Jamshed ji Tata ushered in an era of Indian industrial revolution by setting up a steel mill in Jamshedpur. After the first world war, the British encouraged setting up industries in India.
