Q.3 Discuss main functions of an OS?
Related Questions -
Q. What is the role of OS to providing programming environment?
Q. Discuss the goals of operating system. (AKTU. 2011 - 12)
Ans. Role of operating system (i.e. providing programming environment): -
Operating system has various roles –
1. Management of processor: -
The operating system is responsible for managing allocation of the processor between the different programs using scheduling algorithm. The types of schedulers are totally dependent on an operating system.
Example : (i) First come-First served, (ii) Shortest job first, (iii) Round robin.
2. Management of random access memory (Read Write Memory): -
The operating system is responsible for managing the memory space allocated to each application, and where relevant to each user.
3. Management of input/Output: -
The operating system allows the unification and control of access of programs to material resources via drivers (also known as peripherals, administrators or input output administrators).
4. Management of execution of applications: -
The operating system is responsible for smooth execution of applications by allocating the resource required for them to operate. This means that the application, which is not responding correctly, can be killed.
5. Management of Authorization: -
The operating system is responsible for security relating to execution of programs by ensuring that resources are used only by programmers and user with the relevant authorizations.
6. File management: -
(i) The operating system manages the reading and writing in the file system and the users with the relevant authorizations.
(ii) Enables user to create, read, write, maintain, sort delete and interpret a file.
7. Information management: -
(i) The operating system provides certain number of indicators that can be used to diagnose the correct operation of the machine.
(ii) It creates log to view a summary of work done on computer.
Q.4 Explain the architecture of unix, linux and windows operating system. Explain the evolution of these operating systems.
Ans. The Design Of The UNIX Operating System: -
The UNIX system is most commonly portrayed as an onion; several layers surround an inner core.
Linux: -
1. Linux, originated by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
2. It leads the pack of new-school open-source Unixes that have emerged since 1990 (also including FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin), and is representative of the design direction being taken by the group as a whole. The trends in it can be taken as typical for this entire group.
3. Linux does not include any code from the original Unix source tree, but it was designed from Unix standards to behave like a Unix.
4. Linux users and developers have been adapting themselves to address the nontechnical user’s fear of CLIs. They have moved to building GUIs and GUI tools much more intensively than was the case in old-school Unix, or even in contemporary proprietary Unixes.
5. The desire to reach end users has also made Linux developers much more concerned with smoothness of installation and software distribution issues than is typically the case under proprietary Unix systems.
6. One consequence is that Linux features binary-package systems far more sophisticated than any analogs in proprietary Unixes.
7. The Linux community wants to turn their software into a sort of universal pipefitting for connecting together other environments.
8. Linux features support for reading and (often) writing the file system formats and networking methods native to other operating systems.
9. Linux also supports multiple-booting with them on the same hardware.
The Evolution of Operating Systems: -
Ans. The Design Of The UNIX Operating System: -
The UNIX system is most commonly portrayed as an onion; several layers surround an inner core.
Linux: -
1. Linux, originated by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
2. It leads the pack of new-school open-source Unixes that have emerged since 1990 (also including FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, and Darwin), and is representative of the design direction being taken by the group as a whole. The trends in it can be taken as typical for this entire group.
3. Linux does not include any code from the original Unix source tree, but it was designed from Unix standards to behave like a Unix.
4. Linux users and developers have been adapting themselves to address the nontechnical user’s fear of CLIs. They have moved to building GUIs and GUI tools much more intensively than was the case in old-school Unix, or even in contemporary proprietary Unixes.
5. The desire to reach end users has also made Linux developers much more concerned with smoothness of installation and software distribution issues than is typically the case under proprietary Unix systems.
6. One consequence is that Linux features binary-package systems far more sophisticated than any analogs in proprietary Unixes.
7. The Linux community wants to turn their software into a sort of universal pipefitting for connecting together other environments.
8. Linux features support for reading and (often) writing the file system formats and networking methods native to other operating systems.
9. Linux also supports multiple-booting with them on the same hardware.
The Evolution of Operating Systems: -
