Q.10. Elaborates the highlights of industrial policy statement 1973. (AKTU. 2009 - 10)
Ans. Industrial Policy Statement 1973: -
The Policy Statement of 1973 drew up a list of industries to be started by large business houses so that the competitive effort of small industries was not affected. The entry of Competent Small and medium entrepreneurs was encouraged in all industries including above mentioned industries. Large industries were permitted to start operations in rural and backward areas with a view to developing those areas and enabling the growth of small industries. A Secretariat for Industrial Approvals (S IA) was set up in November 1973, and all industrial licenses, capital goods, import licenses, terms of foreign collaboration were brought under the SIA.
Q.11. What are the main aim of industrial licensing policy.
Ans. The main aims of industrial licensing are:
(i) To regulate the development of industries in accordance with the plans of overall economic development,
(ii) To control monopolistic tendencies and prevent concentration of economic power is a few hands,
(iii) To protect small scale sector from the competition by the large-scale industries,
(iv) To achieve dispersal of industries among various regions to promote balanced regional growth,
(v) To ensure optimum utilisation of scarce capital as well as limited foreign exchange resources, and
(vi) To encourage development of industries in the industrially backward areas.
Q.12. Write the main objectives of New Industrial policy (AKTU. 1991).
Related Questions -
Q. Explain the major provisions of industrial policy resolution 1991 in detail.
(AKTU. 2009 - 10)
(AKTU. 2009 - 10)
Ans. “The New Industrial Policy (1991) seeks to liberate the industry from the shackles of licensing system, drastically reduce the role of public sector and encourage foreign participation in India’s industrial development. The major objectives of the New Industrial Policy are as follows:
(i) To liberate the industry from the regulatory devices such as licenses and controls,
(ii) To increase competitiveness of industries for the benefit of the common public,
(iii) To ensure running of public enterprises on business lines and thus cutting their losses,
(iv) To enhance support to the small scale sector,
(v) To provide more incentives for industrialisation of the backward areas, and
(vi) To ensure rapid industrial development in a competitive environrment.
Q.13. Briefly explain the categorization of industries provided under industrial policy resolution 1948. (AKTU. 2012 - 13)
Ans. The first industrial policy resolution, announced in 1948, broadly laid down the objectives of the Governments policy in the industrial field and classified industries and enterprises into four categories namely :
(a) Those exclusively owned by the Government, e.g., arms and ammunition, atomic energy railways etc.; and in emergencies any industry vital for national defence.
(b) Key or basic industries e.g., coal, iron and steel, aircraft manufacture, ship building telephone, telegraphs and communications equipment except radio receivers mineral oils, etc.
The undertakings already existing in this group were promised facilities for efficient working and expansion for a period of ten years, at the end of which the state could exercise the option to nationalize them.
(c) The third category of 18 specified industries were subject to the Government’s control and regulation in consultation with the provincial Government’s. (now known as state Governments)
(d) The rest of the industrial field was, more or less left open to the private sector.
Q.14. Briefly discuss the impact of Industrialization on the growth of Trade-Unions. (AKTU. 2012 - 13)
Ans. Trade union movement is an offshoot of industrialization. The growth of modern industrial organizations involving use of modern technology and employment of workers has been followed by growth of trade unions throughout the world.
The emergence of trade unionism is spontaneous and inherent in the growth of capitalism. The origin of trade unionism lies in the industrial revolution which disrupted the older way of life and created a new society forged by the shop, the factory, the mine and the industry. Trade unionism has become a vigorous force not only in capitalist economies like U.K. and U.S.A. but also in mixed economies like Russia and Yugoslavia.
A strong trade union can improve the efficiency of workers and promote industrial peace. The labour unrest which may be inarticulate invoving extensive absenteeism, frequent job changes, wandering form one plant or locality to another, can be avoided.
