Q.1. “Management is the art of getting work done through people in a formally organized group”. In the light of this statement, elaborate the meaning of management and bring out the various functions of management. (2002-03)
Or. Define management and trace out its exact nature. (2005-06)
Or. Give the appropriate definition of management and explain its significance in present day context. (2007-08)
Ans. The word ‘management’ is a singularly difficult one. It denotes not only a function but also the people who discharge it. It denotes not only a special position and rank but also a disciplene and field to study. Management is the specific organol the modern institution. It is the organ on the performance of which the performance at survival of the institution depends. It is the function of management to use all resource available to an organization, for the realization result in such a way that the business firm is not only able to same its way but also to earn some surplus to meet the need of growth and expansion. Management is this sense may be define management as the process of getting things done by the people and through the people.
The Management Function: -
Functions relating to activities such a producing purchasing, selling advertising, accounting and engineering differ from one enterprise, to the other, the function of management are common to all business in its and even non-profit organizations. Henry fayol, the French industrialist and popularly known as the founder of Modern Management theory, divided all activities of industrial undertakings into six groups.
(i) Technical.
(ii) Commercial.
(iii) Financial.
(iv) Security.
(v) Accounting.
(vi) Managerial.
While classifying the function of management, same authorities indicate representation as a distinct management function. A managers relations are not combined to his subordinates and seniors alone very often he is called upon to deal with outside groups. He has to negotiate with government officials, trade union, leaders financial institutions, competing and other business units and also with different social group. Thus which concealing its importance, representation should net viewed as a distinct management function.
Q.2. Give a brief account of the development of management thought and enlist the different schools of management thought. (2002-03)
Ans. Development of the Management and Schools of Management: -
Many management schools and practitioners believe that the theories on management are aimed at establishing the best way of doing thing but it is to be appreciated that management theory and scheme do not advocate the best way to do thing in the light of every situation. However, after World War II, the literature in management has grown at an unprecedented rate. This interim has greatly helped in improving research teaching and practice.
In the following paragraph we present a brief review of some approaches to management analysis.
(i) The empirical Approach: -
Scholars belonging to this school believe that clear understand of the management theories can only be developed by the study and analysis of cases and comparative approach. They have a strong conviction that it is through the study of successes and failure of managers in individual instances and their endeavor to solve specific problems.
(ii) The Interpersonal Behaviour Approach: -
Since managing involves getting things done with and through people, scholars belonging to this school feel that study of management should be pared on interpersonal relations. This approach is fermed as behavioural science by different group of scholars.
(iii) The Decision Theory Approach: -
The exponent of the decision theory emphasis that decision making is the core of management they concentrate on relation able decision making, selection from among possible alternatives of a course of opinion is concerned with the persons or organizational groups making the decision.
(iv) The Mathematical Approach: -
There can not be any two opinions that mathematical tools and method can be used by any school of management. But some management scholars and practitioners have viewed management exclusively as a system of mathematical models and processes.
Q.3. Discuss the concept of management and examine its importance in the fast changing vibrant environment of today. (2003-04)
Or. Identify the emerging challenges that a manager will have to face in the present vibrant and very turbulent environment. (2004-05)
Ans. Concept of Management: -
Management is a trinity of ART, SCIENCE AND PROFESSION.
Management is an art: -
As it concerned with the application of knowledge and skills to achieve the objectives of the organisation. The skills are the personal qualities of the manager concerned.
Management is often Called a Science: -
As it has a systematized body of knowledge concepts and scientific principles. But it is an inexact science as the principles are not applicable in all situations. Management is a social science it deals with the human element. Management is not a full-fledged profession: -
Because
(i) There is no universally recognized debree to become a manager.
(ii) There is no all-India body to regulate the practice of management and
(iii) There is no widely accepted code of conduct for managers.
Importance of Management: -
There is no substitute for management in modern organisations. Management is the dynamic, life giving element in every business. Without it the resources of production
remain resources and never becomes production.
The importance of management will be more clearing by going through the following points: -
(i) Determination of Objectives: -
The objectives of any organization are determine by the management they are put into writing and communicated to all employee in the organization.
(ii) Achievement of objectives: -
Management is an important for the accomplishment of the objective of any group.
(iii) Efficient Use of Resources: -
The role of professional managers has increased these days. They can ensure the efficient use of various resources and increase the productivity of the enterprise.
(iv) Meeting Challenges: -
Management is the brain of any enterprise. All the policy decision are taken by it. Management keeps itself in touch with the current environment and supplies foresight to the enterprise.
(v) Economic Development : -
According to peter drencher management is the crucial factor in economics and social development.
Q.4. Discuss critically the basic elements of ‘scientific management’ as propounded by F.W. Taylor. (2003-04)
Or. List the basic step of scientific management and discuss them.
Ans. Basic elements of scientific management by F.W. Taylor: -
F.W. Taylor was the first, person who insisted on the introduction of scientific method in management and it was he who, along with his associates made the first, systematic study of management. He launched a new movement in 1910 which is known as “ Scientific Management “. That is why, Taylor is regarded as the father of scientific management.
Principle of Scientific Management: -
Taylor’s philosophy revolve ground the following principles of scientific management.
(i) Scientific investigation in place of rule of thumb methods.
(ii) Scientific selection, training and placement of workers.
(iii) Co-operation between management and workers.
(iv) Maximum output in place of restricted output.
(v) Equal division of work between management and workers.