Q.18. Explain the role of central board for
pollution control and state board for pollution control for controlling
pollution. (AKTU. - 2015 - 16)
Ans. The
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India is a statutory organisation
under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). It
was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of pollution)
Act, 1974. CPCB is also entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. It serves as a field formation
and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests
under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It Co-ordinates
the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards by providing technical
assistance and guidance and also resolves disputes among them. It is the apex
organisation in country in the field of pollution control, as a technical wing
of MoEF. The board is led by its chairman, who is nominated by the Central
Government.
Functions of CPCB:
-
Functions of CPCB comes under both
national level and as State Boards for the Union Territories. CPCB, under the
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, aims to promote cleanliness of streams and
wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of
water pollution, and to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or
abate air pollution in the country.
Air quality/
pollution: -
CPCB runs nation-wide programs of ambient air quality monitoring known
as National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP). The network consists of
621 operating stations covering 262 cities/towns in 29 states and 5 Union
Territories of the country. Under N.A.M.P., four air pollutants viz., Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of
Nitrogen as NO2, Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM/
PM10) have been identified for regular monitoring at all the locations. The
monitoring of meteorological parameters such as wind speed and wind direction,
relative humidity (RH) and temperature were also integrated with the monitoring
of air quality. This information on Air Quality at ITO is updated every week.
Water quality/
pollution: -
Fresh water is a finite resource
essential for use in agriculture, industry, propagation of wildlife and
fisheries and for human existence. India is a riverine country. It has 14 major
rivers, 44 medium rivers and 55 minor rivers besides numerous lakes, ponds and
wells which are used as primary source of drinking water even without
treatment. Most of the rivers being fed by monsoon rains, which is limited to
only three months of the year, run dry throughout the rest of the year often
carrying wastewater discharges from industries or cities or towns endangering
the quality of our scarce water resources. CPCB in collaboration with concerned
SPCBs/PCCs established a nationwide network of water quality monitoring, which
has running 1019 stations in 27 States and 6 Union Territories. The monitoring
process is done on quarterly basis in surface waters and on half yearly basis
in case of ground water. It covers 200 Rivers, 60 Lakes, 5 Tanks, 3 Ponds, 3
Creeks, 13 Canals, 17 Drains and 321 Wells. Among the 1019 stations, 592 are on
rivers, 65 on lakes, 17 on drains, 13 on canals, 5 on tanks, 3 on creeks, 3 on
ponds and 321 are groundwater stations. The inland water quality monitoring
network is operating under a three-tier program i.e. Global Environment
Monitoring System (GEMS), Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources
System (MINARS) and Yamuna Action Plan (YAP).
Urban area programs
(EcoCity Program): -
CPCB programs for urban areas, also
known as EcoCity Program comes under X Plan to improve environment through
implementation of identified environmental improvement projects in the selected
towns and cities. Pilot studies conducted for urban areas by the Centre for
Spatial Environmental Planning created at the CPCB under the World Bank funded
Environmental Management Capacity Building Project and supported by the
GTZ-CPCB Project under the Indo-German Bilateral Program. According to these
studies CPCB develop a comprehensive urban improvement system employing
practical, innovative and non-conventional solutions. Under the X Plan, a
budget provision of Rs. 15 crore has been made for the period 2002-03 to
2006-07 for the Ecocity projects.
Municipal Solid
Waste rules: -
Every municipal authority comes
under the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000 (MSW
rules,2000) and responsible for collection, segregation, storage,
transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid. CPCB collects
necessary information form municipal authorities and provide them technical
assistance.
Noise Pollution/
Rules: -
According to S.O. 123(E) by MoEF,
various sources like industrial activity, construction activity, generator
sets, loud speakers, public address systems, music systems, vehicular horns and
other mechanical devices have deleterious effects on human health. CPCB has the
responsibility to regulate and control noise producing and generating sources
with the objective of maintaining the ambient air quality standards.
Environmental Data
Statistics: -
CPCB manages environmental data
statistic in which air quality data and water quality data comes through. In
the case of air quality data, it measures the level of SO2, NO2, RSPM
and SPM. CPCB measure and maintains water quality data as well. Quality level
of river and ponds are the major fields which comes under the water quality
data criteria.
Functions of the
State Pollution Control Board:
· To advice the Central Government, in any
matter concerning the revention, control or abatement of air/water pollution.
· To
advice the State Government, on any matter to plan and cause to be executed a
nationwide programme for the prevention, control or abatement of air/water
pollution.
· To
collect information relating water/air pollution and to encourage, conduct,
participate in investigations and research relating to problems of water
pollutions.
· To
plan a comprehensive programme through mass media for prevention, control or
abatement of air /water pollution.
· To
inspect sewage or trade effluents, works and plants for the treatment of sewage
or trade effluent.
· To
lie down, modify or annual Effluent standards for the sewage and trade
effluents and for the quality or receiving waters resulting from the discharge
of effluents and to classify water resulting from the discharge for effluents
and classify waters of the state.
· To
evolve economical and reliable methods of effluents of sewage and trade
effluents.
· To
evolve methods of utilization of sewage and suitable trade effluents in
agriculture.
· To
evolve efficient methods of disposal of sewage and trade effluents on land.
· To
lay down standards of treatment of sewage and trade effluents, to be discharged
into any particular stream.
· For
prevention, control, abatement of discharged of wastes into stream or wells.